Inventor’s Guide | Resources for Inventors Help — 52Launch

Intellectual Property Fundamentals Entrepreneurs Need Before Launching A Product

Written by Steve Sisto | Jul 16, 2026 3:16:17 PM

If you're bringing a new product to market, two questions almost always come up early on in the process:

Should I trademark my name?

Can I patent this?

On a recent episode of the Pitch to Product Podcast, 52Launch's Jack Dalton sat down with intellectual patent lawyer Scott Seeley, founder of Eastgate IP, to walk through the fundamentals every founder and inventor should understand.

 

Quick Answers

  • TM vs. ®: Use ™ as soon as you start selling under a name. Use ® only after the USPTO has issued a federal registration.
  • Trademark cost driver: The more arbitrary or made-up your brand name is, the easier and cheaper it is to protect. Descriptive names are harder and slower.
  • Amazon Brand Registry: Generally requires a trademark filing - this is one of the biggest practical reasons ecommerce sellers get one.
  • Two main patent types: Utility patents (protect function) and design patents (protect ornamental appearance).
  • Utility patent cost: Roughly $8,000–$20,000 in attorney fees depending on complexity, plus government filing fees.
  • Design patent cost: Roughly $4,000–$8,000, with a faster path to issuance (often about a year).
  • Biggest inventor mistake: Publicly disclosing or offering an invention for sale without talking to an attorney first - this starts a legal clock that can permanently destroy your ability to patent it.

Trademarks: Protecting Your Brand Name

What's the difference between ™ and ®?

The superscript ™ simply signals to the marketplace that you're using a word, phrase, or logo as a trademark, and you can start using it the moment you begin selling under that name. It gives you common law rights, which are real but limited: they're regional, harder to enforce, and don't let you bring a lawsuit on their own.

The circled ® can only be used once the USPTO has issued a federal trademark registration. Federal registration gives you exclusive, nationwide ownership of that name for your specific goods and services, including access to the court system and a much stronger legal position if someone else tries to use a similar name.

A well-known real-world example: some companies use both symbols on the same product line. A newer product name marked with ™ while an established, already-registered name carries the ®, often because the newer mark hasn't cleared registration yet.

Can I file my logo and business name together in one trademark application?

No. A name and a logo are legally two separate trademarks (a standard character mark for the name, a design mark for the logo), even though you can file both applications at the same time.

For businesses with limited budgets, the higher-value investment is usually the standard character mark; protecting the name itself, regardless of font, color, or styling. A design mark only protects that one specific stylized version, which is a much narrower scope of protection. Large companies often protect logos, slogans, and even colors, but smaller startups typically get the most protection per dollar by prioritizing the name first.

Why is choosing a brand name so important for trademark protection?

The USPTO evaluates names along what's called the spectrum of distinctiveness:

  1. Generic - cannot be protected at all.
  2. Descriptive - describes the product directly; difficult and slow to protect unless you can show the name has "acquired distinctiveness."
  3. Suggestive - hints at the product but requires some imagination to make the connection; easier to protect.
  4. Arbitrary - a real word applied to an unrelated product; strong protection.
  5. Fanciful - a completely invented word; the strongest and easiest mark to protect.

Names that are descriptive tend to sell well because customers instantly understand what the product does, but they're the hardest to legally protect. Highly distinctive or invented names are the easiest to register but require more effort to build recognition from scratch.

What is "acquired distinctiveness" and how do you prove it?

If a name is descriptive, it can sometimes still be registered if you can show consumers have come to associate that term specifically with your brand and not just the underlying product category. Evidence that supports this includes:

  • Years of continuous, established use in commerce (often benchmarked around five years)
  • A strong web presence
  • Unsolicited media coverage or press mentions
  • A high volume of customer reviews

This is a fact-specific determination, and outcomes vary case by case, but strong review volume and public visibility can meaningfully help a difficult application succeed.

Why do trademarks matter for ecommerce sellers?

Beyond legal protection, a federal trademark is generally required to enroll in Amazon's Brand Registry, which unlocks enhanced listing features (like brand-specific video and A+ content) and makes it significantly easier to get counterfeit or infringing listings removed. Amazon is generally motivated to side with the registered trademark holder to avoid getting pulled into legal disputes over IP infringement.

More broadly, trademark registration prevents two costly outcomes:

  • The "sword" - the ability to stop competitors from using a confusingly similar name.
  • The "shield" - protection from being forced to rebrand years later if it turns out someone else already had rights to a similar name.

Patents: Protecting Your Invention

What are the two main types of patents?

  • Utility patents protect how something works - a novel, non-obvious function, feature, or method of making or using an invention.
  • Design patents protect the ornamental appearance of an object - not its function.

If the underlying function already exists (like storing liquid in a bottle, or brewing a cup of coffee), a design patent can still protect the distinctive shape or visual configuration, which is especially useful for protecting products (and compatible accessories) within a branded ecosystem.

There's also a provisional application, which isn't a patent itself but a placeholder that establishes a priority filing date for up to one year while you decide whether to move forward with a full utility application.

How do I know if my product can get a utility patent?

The core test the USPTO applies is novelty and non-obviousness, meaning the invention can't already exist in the literature, and it can't be a purely predictable combination of already-known elements.

A common mistake inventors make is trying to patent an entire product rather than the specific problem their team actually had to solve to bring it to life. With millions of patents already on record, broad concepts are usually already covered. Instead, the higher-value strategy is identifying the specific technical problems solved during development (ex. a manufacturing shortcut, a way to make two components work together, a cost-saving redesign) and filing on those solutions specifically.

Is it common to get multiple patents on one product?

Yes, this is standard practice, not the exception. A single product can be protected through multiple applications covering:

  • The device or product itself
  • The method of making it
  • The method of using it

Companies frequently file one comprehensive application and then continue to expand protection over time through continuation applications, allowing them to build a broader patent portfolio from a single original disclosure.

How much does a patent cost?

Utility patents:

  • Typical attorney drafting fees: $8,000–$20,000+, depending on subject matter complexity
  • Government filing fee: ~$1,200
  • Additional drafting-related fees: ~$500–$1,000
  • Simple mechanical inventions tend toward the lower end; software (which faces additional subject-matter-eligibility scrutiny) and pharmaceutical/biotech inventions tend toward the higher end.

Design patents:

  • Typical cost: $4,000–$8,000, largely driven by the number of drawing sets/embodiments needed
  • Significantly less expensive than utility patents, and not subject to the same obviousness challenges

How long does it take to get a patent?

  • Utility patents: Traditionally 2–3 years from filing to issuance, though recent USPTO leadership has pushed to reduce examination backlogs, with some first office actions now arriving in as little as seven months.
  • Design patents: Typically resolved in about one year.

Patent rights, once granted, generally extend back to the original filing date, so the wait doesn't erase the value of filing early.

What is the patent term?

  • Utility patents: 20 years from the filing date (requires ongoing maintenance fee payments)
  • Design patents: 15 years from the filing date (no maintenance fees required)

What happens if I publicly disclose or offer my invention for sale before filing?

This is one of the most important and most overlooked deadlines in patent law. Public disclosure and offers for sale can trigger what's known as a statutory bar, potentially destroying your ability to patent the invention later.

Key points inventors need to know:

  • In the U.S., there's generally a one-year grace period from an inventor-initiated disclosure to file a patent application.
  • An offer for sale can trigger this bar even if the sale itself was confidential.
  • Discussions under an NDA are not automatically safe from being considered a "public disclosure," though an expectation of secrecy can help support that they weren't public.

If you've shown your product at a trade show, discussed licensing, offered it for sale, or shared it publicly at any point, talk to a patent attorney immediately to find out what deadlines may already be running.

Why does patent strategy matter more than just "getting a patent"?

Patents function as a trade: in exchange for publicly teaching the world how to make and use your invention, the government grants a time-limited exclusive right to make and sell it. But that exclusivity is only as strong as the underlying strategy; a single patent covering only one narrow claim can be relatively easy for a competitor to challenge or design around.

A stronger approach typically involves:

  • Filing toward the specific problem solved, not the product as a whole
  • Considering multiple claim types (the device, the method of making it, the method of using it)
  • Building a portfolio over time through continuation filings
  • Choosing design patents strategically when utility protection looks difficult or costly to defend

Ready to turn your product idea into a reality and get it to market? Contact us today at 52Launch to get started.